ABO Blood Groups and Transfusion — NEET Biology
📚 Practice ConceptABO grouping is based on the presence or absence of two surface antigens (chemicals that can induce immune response) on the RBCs namely A and B. Similarly, the plasma of different individuals contain two natural antibodies (proteins produced in response to antigens). The distribution of antigens and antibodies in the four groups of blood, A, B, AB and O are given in Table 15.1. You probably know that during blood transfusion, any blood cannot be used; the blood of a donor has to be carefully matched with the blood of a recipient before any blood transfusion to avoid severe problems of clumping (destruction of RBC). The donor's compatibility is also shown in the Table 15.1.
Which of the following statements about ABO and Rh blood grouping systems and their compatibility are correct? S1: Blood group A individuals possess anti-B antibodies in their plasma and A antigens on their RBCs. S2: A person with blood group O is considered a universal donor because their plasma contains anti-A and anti-B antibodies, and their RBCs lack both A and B antigens. S3: Individuals with blood group AB are known as universal recipients primarily due to the presence of both A and B antigens on their RBCs. S4: Rh incompatibility leading to erythroblastosis foetalis can occur when an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive foetus, typically affecting the second or subsequent Rh-positive pregnancies. S5: The Rh antigen is observed on the surface of RBCs in nearly 20% of humans, categorizing them as Rh-positive.
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