HIV Structure and Transmission Routes — NEET Biology
✅ Asked in NEET 2016Which of the following is correct regarding AIDS causative agent HIV? (NEET 2016)
Which of the following is correct regarding AIDS causative agent HIV? (NEET 2016)
Answer & NCERT explanation
Correct answer: B — HIV is enveloped virus that contains two identical molecules of single-stranded RNA and two molecules of reverse transcriptase.
HIV is an enveloped retrovirus containing two identical molecules of single-stranded RNA and two molecules of reverse transcriptase enzyme. The reverse transcriptase converts viral RNA into DNA which integrates into host cell genome. HIV specifically targets CD4+ T-helper cells, weakening the acquired immune response rather than escaping from it. Option (a) is incorrect as it mentions only one RNA molecule and one reverse transcriptase.
Read more NCERT concept on the PYQ
AIDS is caused by the Human Immuno deficiency Virus (HIV), a member of a group of viruses called retrovirus, which have an envelope enclosing the RNA genome. Transmission of HIV-infection generally occurs by (a) sexual contact with infected person, (b) by transfusion of contaminated blood and blood products, (c) by sharing infected needles as in the case of intravenous drug abusers and (d) from infected mother to her child through placenta. So, people who are at high risk of getting this infection includes - individuals who have multiple
HIV is a retrovirus with an RNA genome enclosed in an envelope, making it structurally unique among viruses. NTA tests whether students can identify HIV's transmission routes: sexual contact, contaminated blood transfusions, sharing needles, and mother-to-child transmission through placenta. Students often confuse which body fluids transmit HIV or incorrectly assume it spreads through casual contact like saliva or tears. Remember: HIV requires direct contact with blood, semen, vaginal fluids, or breast milk—not casual contact. The envelope structure is key because it makes HIV vulnerable to disinfectants and soap, explaining why standard hygiene prevents transmission.
What does NCERT say about AIDS caused by Human?
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