International Biodiversity Conventions — NEET Biology
✅ Asked in NEET 2023Biodiversity knows no political boundaries and its conservation is therefore a collective responsibility of all nations. The historic Convention on Biological Diversity ('The Earth Summit') held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, called upon all nations to take appropriate measures for conservation of biodiversity and sustainable utilisation of its benefits. In a follow-up, the World Summit on Sustainable Development held in 2002 in Johannesburg, South Africa, 190 countries pledged their commitment to achieve by 2010, a significant reduction in the current rate of biodiversity loss at global, regional and local levels.
The Earth Summit (Rio 1992) and World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg 2002) are key international frameworks that NTA tests for understanding global biodiversity conservation efforts. Students often confuse the two summits—mix up their years, locations, or pledged targets. Remember: Rio 1992 was the Earth Summit establishing the Convention on Biological Diversity; Johannesburg 2002 was the follow-up where 190 countries pledged to reduce biodiversity loss by 2010. NTA may ask about the timeline, participating nations, or specific conservation goals to test your knowledge of international environmental commitments and why conservation requires collective global responsibility.
The historic Convention on Biological Diversity, ‘The Earth Summit’ was held in Rio de Janeiro in the year: (NEET 2023)
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