Insulin Action on Glucose Uptake — NEET Biology
✅ Asked in NEET 2020Name a peptide hormone which acts mainly on hepatocytes, adipocytes and enhances cellular glucose uptake and utilisation. (NEET 2020)
Name a peptide hormone which acts mainly on hepatocytes, adipocytes and enhances cellular glucose uptake and utilisation. (NEET 2020)
Answer & NCERT explanation
Correct answer: A — Insulin
Insulin is the peptide hormone that acts mainly on hepatocytes (liver cells) and adipocytes (fat cells) to enhance cellular glucose uptake and utilization. It promotes glucose transport into cells, glycogen synthesis in liver and muscles, and lipid synthesis. Glucagon has opposite effects, while secretin and gastrin are digestive hormones that don't primarily affect glucose metabolism.
Read more NCERT concept on the PYQ
Insulin is a peptide hormone, which plays a major role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Insulin acts mainly on hepatocytes and adipocytes (cells of adipose tissue), and enhances cellular glucose
Insulin is a peptide hormone that specifically enhances glucose uptake in hepatocytes (liver cells) and adipocytes (fat cells) by promoting GLUT4 translocation to the cell membrane. Students often confuse which tissues insulin primarily acts on—remember it's mainly liver and adipose tissue, NOT muscle cells directly. Common mistakes include forgetting that insulin lowers blood glucose by increasing cellular glucose uptake and storage, not by producing glucose. To score correctly: recall that insulin promotes glycogenesis (glucose→glycogen) in liver and lipogenesis in adipose tissue, making it the primary hormone for glucose homeostasis after meals.
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