DNA Sequence & Human Genome Project — NEET Biology
📚 Practice ConceptIn the preceding sections you have learnt that it is the sequence of bases in DNA that determines the genetic information of a given organism. In other words, genetic make-up of an organism or an individual lies in the DNA sequences. If two individuals differ, then their DNA sequences should also be different, at least at some places. These assumptions led to the quest of finding out the complete DNA sequence of human genome. With the establishment of genetic engineering techniques where it was possible to isolate and clone any piece of DNA and availability of simple and fast techniques for determining DNA sequences, a very ambitious project of sequencing human genome was launched in the year 1990.
Which of the following statements regarding the Human Genome Project (HGP) methodologies and its implications are NOT correct? S1: The strategy employed in HGP involved sequencing the whole set of genome, including both coding and non-coding regions, followed by sequence annotation. S2: DNA fragments obtained from the human genome were directly sequenced using advanced PCR-based techniques, thereby eliminating the need for cloning steps. S3: Automated DNA sequencers, based on the principle developed by Frederick Sanger, were instrumental in determining the nucleotide sequence of the fragments. S4: The development of bioinformatics was crucial for storing, retrieving, and analyzing the massive amount of sequence data generated by the project. S5: Genetic and physical maps were constructed solely based on the identification of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) to aid in genome assembly.
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