Anatomy of flowering plants — NEET Biology Questions 2026

Vascular bundles are radial in roots, not collateral (which are in stems).

Lateral roots arise from the pericycle, a ground tissue, while xylem and phloem patches belong to the vascular system.

The lower surface (abaxial) of dorsiventral leaves generally bears more stomata.

NCERT states “Epidermis is usually single-layered” - the qualifier “usually” indicates exceptions exist, making the Assertion false as it claims “always” for “all plants.” The Reason is true from NCERT: “The epidermal tissue system forms the outer-most covering of the whole plant body.” Students often miss the qualifier and think epidermis is invariably single-layered.

This question requires matching plant structures with their specific vascular bundle arrangements and associated features based on NCERT text. Let's analyze each pair: A. Dicotyledonous Stem: Characterized by vascular bundles arranged in a ring, which are conjoint, open, and have endarch protoxylem. So, A matches with I. (NCERT Page 76, Para 6.2.3) B. Monocotyledonous Stem: Has scattered, conjoint, and closed vascular bundles, often surrounded by a sclerenchymatous bundle sheath. So, B matches with III. (NCERT Page 76, Para 6.2.4) C. Dicotyledonous Root: Features radial vascular bundles with usually two to four xylem and phloem patches. The pith is small or inconspicuous. So, C matches with IV. (NCERT Page 74, Para 6.2.1 and Page 73, Para 6.1.3 for radial) D. Monocotyledonous Root: Also has radial vascular bundles, but typically more than six xylem bundles (polyarch), and a large, well-developed pith. So, D matches with II. (NCERT Page 74, Para 6.2.2 and Page 73, Para 6.1.3 for radial) Therefore, the correct match is A-I, B-III, C-IV, D-II. The final answer is D. Tested concept: Distinguishing anatomical features, specifically vascular bundle characteristics, in different plant organs (dicot stem, monocot stem, dicot root, monocot root).