Excretory Products & Their Elimination NEET 2027 — उत्सर्जी उत्पाद और उनका निष्कासन

Urine formed in nephrons is carried to the urinary bladder for storage.

This is the name of the spinal reflex arc involved in urine release.

Collecting duct responds to ADH for water reabsorption.

NCERT states “Ammonia is the most toxic form and requires large amount of water for its elimination” and describes how aquatic animals can excrete ammonia while terrestrial animals use urea/uric acid. The Assertion is true - ammonia excretion suits aquatic but not terrestrial animals. The Reason explains WHY - the dependency on large water amounts makes it suitable only where water is abundant.

The core concept is the definition and characteristics of excretory system disorders. S1: "Renal calculi: Stone or insoluble mass of crystallised salts (oxalates, etc.) formed within the kidney." This statement is NOT correct because renal calculi are typically formed from oxalates (or other salts, not specifically calcium carbonate as the primary constituent, though calcium salts are common) and form *within the kidney* itself, not specifically the Bowman's capsule. S2: "Glomerulonephritis: Inflammation of glomeruli of kidney." This statement is correct, so it is not a 'NOT correct' statement. S3: "Malfunctioning of kidneys can lead to accumulation of urea in blood, a condition called uremia, which is highly harmful and may lead to kidney failure." This statement is correct, so it is not a 'NOT correct' statement. S4: While not explicitly stated in NCERT that renal calculi *can* obstruct urine flow, the description of them as 'stone' or 'insoluble mass' formed 'within the kidney' logically implies potential obstruction. This is a common and biologically accurate consequence. This statement is correct in its implications and consistent with the general understanding of kidney stones, so it is not a 'NOT correct' statement. S5: "Glomerulonephritis: Inflammation of glomeruli of kidney." NCERT states it's inflammation of glomeruli but does not specify bacterial infection of the bladder as its primary cause. The cause can be varied, including autoimmune factors. Therefore, attributing it primarily to a bladder bacterial infection is NOT correct as per NCERT context provided. Statements S1 and S5 are NOT correct.