Mechanism of concentration of the filtrate — Excretory products and their elimination NEET Questions 2026

Sample Questions — Mechanism of concentration of the filtrate

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MCQ

How does the ascending limb of Henle's loop contribute to medullary hyperosmolarity?

✅ Correct Answer: A

NaCl is actively transported out, but the limb is impermeable to water, contributing to medullary concentration.

MCQ

Why is the inner medulla highly concentrated with solutes?

A. It stores waste within the tissue fluid and therefore has a very high concentration
B. It has poor blood supply therefore solutes are not carried away
C. Because of NaCl from ascending limb and urea from collecting duct
D. It is rich in ATP and electrolytes due to its high metabolism

✅ Correct Answer: C

Both these solutes diffuse or are transported into the medullary interstitium.

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MCQ

Which segment of Henle’s loop is impermeable to water but allows ion transport?

✅ Correct Answer: A

This allows ions to leave but water cannot follow, helping osmotic gradient.

MCQ

Which of the following conditions would lead to maximum water reabsorption from the collecting tubule?

A. High osmolarity of medullary interstitium and presence of ADH
B. Blockage in Proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule
C. Low medullary osmolarity and high cortical osmolarity
D. Absence of urea in interstitium leading to maximum water reabsorption from the glomerular filtrate

✅ Correct Answer: A

High medullary osmolarity and ADH together pull water out of the collecting tubule.

MCQ

Identify the incorrect pair:

✅ Correct Answer: C

Vasa recta has opposite flow to Henle’s loop, essential for counter current exchange.

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