Sample Questions — Human excretory system
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MCQ
How does the Loop of Henle contribute to urine concentration?
✅ Correct Answer: A
Its descending and ascending limbs facilitate a counter-current mechanism essential for concentrating urine.
MCQ
Why is the presence of two kidneys advantageous in humans?
✅ Correct Answer: C
Two kidneys ensure homeostasis is maintained even if one becomes non-functional.
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MCQ
Identify the correct statements:
I. Angiotensin II increases blood pressure.
II. Aldosterone is secreted from the adrenal cortex.
III. ADH is secreted by hypothalamus and acts via portal blood.
IV. ANF increases sodium reabsorption.
✅ Correct Answer: A
Angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor
Aldosterone is from adrenal cortex
ADH is secreted by hypothalamus but released by posterior pituitary, not via portal circulation
ANF decreases Na⁺ reabsorption
MCQ
Assertion (A): Renin release occurs in response to low glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
Reason (R): Renin increases water excretion.
✅ Correct Answer: B
Renin increases blood pressure and promotes water retention, not excretion.
MCQ
What are the structural and functional units of the kidneys?
✅ Correct Answer: B
Nephrons perform filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
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