611
MCQ Questions
35
Assertion-Reason
161
NEET 2025 Pattern
87
Previous Year Q
NCERT Mapping
Molecular Basis of Inheritance is from NCERT Class 12 Biology, Chapter 5, under the unit Genetics and Evolution. This chapter carries approximately 8% weightage in NEET, based on analysis of the last 10 years of question papers. MedicNEET covers this chapter with 807 questions — every question built from line-by-line NCERT analysis.
Topics in Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Transcription
The DNA
Human genome project
Replication
The search for genetic material
Genetic code
Translation
Regulation of gene expression
DNA fingerprinting
RNA world
Sample Questions — Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Try 5 free questions below. Get all 807 in the MedicNEET app.
MCQ
What key observation suggested the presence of a ‘transforming principle’ in Griffith’s experiment?
✅ Correct Answer: C
This indicated that some component from the dead S strain transformed R strain into virulent S strain.
MCQ
The process of translation refers to:
✅ Correct Answer: C
Translation is the process where proteins are synthesized from mRNA.
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MCQ
Assertion (A): In eukaryotes, genes are often interrupted by introns.
Reason (R): Introns appear in mature RNA and contribute to protein synthesis.
✅ Correct Answer: C
Introns do not appear in mature RNA and are spliced out.
Assertion-Reason
Assertion (A): Triple fusion is a unique process that occurs during double fertilization.
Reason (R): Triple fusion gives rise to a diploid primary endosperm nucleus.
✅ Correct Answer: C
NCERT describes triple fusion as part of double fertilization, making the Assertion true. However, NCERT states “Triple fusion gives rise to triploid primary endosperm nucleus” - the Reason incorrectly describes the endosperm nucleus as diploid when it should be triploid (formed by fusion of one male gamete with two polar nuclei).
NEET 2025 Pattern
Which of the following statements correctly provides evidence or reasoning in support of the 'RNA world' hypothesis?
S1: The existence of RNA molecules, such as ribozymes, that can catalyze biochemical reactions, demonstrates RNA's capacity for both genetic information and enzymatic function.
S2: Essential cellular processes like metabolism, translation, and splicing are widely understood to have foundational evolutionary roots revolving around RNA.
S3: In some viruses, RNA functions as the sole genetic material, illustrating its primitive capacity to store and transmit genetic information.
S4: The intricate machinery for protein synthesis, including the structural and catalytic roles of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), is believed to have evolved primarily around RNA.
S5: DNA's superior chemical stability and advanced repair mechanisms provided a selective pressure that led to its evolution from an earlier, more reactive RNA-based system.
✅ Correct Answer: C
The core concept tested is the evidence for the RNA world hypothesis. Let's evaluate each statement:
S1: Ribozymes, which are RNA molecules that act as catalysts, are direct evidence for RNA's dual role as both an informational molecule and an enzyme, supporting the RNA world hypothesis. This statement is correct.
S2: The NCERT text explicitly states that essential life processes (such as metabolism, translation, splicing, etc.) evolved around RNA. This statement is correct.
S3: The fact that RNA acts as genetic material in some viruses (e.g., Tobacco Mosaic viruses) demonstrates its capacity to fulfill this role, providing support for its primitive function as genetic material. This statement is correct.
S4: The protein synthesizing machinery evolved around RNA, and rRNA plays structural and catalytic roles during translation (e.g., 23S rRNA as a ribozyme in bacteria). This supports the central role of RNA. This statement is correct.
S5: DNA's evolution from RNA with chemical modifications to become more stable (due to the lack of a 2'-OH group, presence of thymine, and double-stranded nature facilitating repair) is presented as a consequence of RNA's instability, thus supporting the transition from an RNA world. This statement is correct.
All statements S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5 are correct.
Incorrect options:
A. Excludes S4 and S5 which are correct.
B. Excludes S5 which is correct.
D. Excludes S1 and S3 which are correct.
The final answer is C.
Recap: The RNA world hypothesis is supported by RNA's ability to act as both genetic material and catalyst (ribozymes), the evolution of key life processes around RNA, its role as genetic material in some viruses, and the subsequent evolution of more stable DNA from RNA.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How many Molecular Basis of Inheritance questions does MedicNEET have?
MedicNEET has 807 questions for Molecular Basis of Inheritance, including 611 MCQs, 35 Assertion-Reason questions, and 161 NEET 2025-style long-form questions.
What is the NEET weightage of Molecular Basis of Inheritance?
Molecular Basis of Inheritance carries approximately 8% weightage in NEET, based on analysis of the last 10 years of papers. It falls under the Genetics and Evolution unit of Class 12 Biology.
Are Molecular Basis of Inheritance questions NCERT-based?
Yes, all MedicNEET Molecular Basis of Inheritance questions are built from line-by-line analysis of NCERT Class 12 textbook. Every question maps to specific NCERT pages and concepts.