366
MCQ Questions
40
Assertion-Reason
85
NEET 2025 Pattern
46
Previous Year Q
NCERT Mapping
Principles of inheritance and variation is from NCERT Class 12 Biology, Chapter 4, under the unit Genetics and Evolution. This chapter carries approximately 5% weightage in NEET, based on analysis of the last 10 years of question papers. MedicNEET covers this chapter with 491 questions — every question built from line-by-line NCERT analysis.
Topics in Principles of inheritance and variation
Genetic disorders
Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance
Polygenic inheritance
Sex Determination
Inheritance of Two Genes
Inheritance of One Gene
Mutation
Sample Questions — Principles of inheritance and variation
Try 5 free questions below. Get all 491 in the MedicNEET app.
MCQ
Q7. Which of the following statements about the XO system in insects is incorrect?
✅ Correct Answer: D
Males are XO (no second sex chromosome), unlike females (XX).
MCQ
Q5. Why is Pusa Komal an important example in the context of induced mutations?
✅ Correct Answer: B
Pusa Komal, a cowpea variety, was developed through mutation breeding for disease resistance.
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MCQ
Match the following concepts with examples:
Column I
A. Incomplete dominance
B. Co-dominance
C. Pleiotropy
D. Polygenic inheritance
Column II
(i) Sickle-cell anaemia
(ii) ABO blood group
(iii) Flower colour in Snapdragon
(iv) Human skin colour
✅ Correct Answer: B
Incomplete dominance is seen in Antirrhinum flowers (iii). ABO blood group involves multiple alleles and co-dominance (ii). Pleiotropy occurs in sickle-cell anaemia (i). Polygenic inheritance is seen in human skin colour (iv). The source assigns option (a).
Assertion-Reason
Assertion (A): Phenylketonuria involves accumulation of toxic metabolites in specific body tissues.
Reason (R): Phenylpyruvic acid and its derivatives accumulate in the liver causing metabolic complications.
✅ Correct Answer: C
NCERT confirms PKU involves tissue-specific metabolite accumulation (Assertion true). However, NCERT states “Accumulation of these in brain results in mental retardation” - the Reason incorrectly places accumulation in liver rather than brain, making it false. Tests knowledge of where PKU damage specifically occurs.
NEET 2025 Pattern
Which of the following statements correctly trace the historical advancements in the understanding of inheritance?
S1. Gregor Mendel conducted his hybridisation experiments on garden peas from 1856 to 1863.
S2. Mendel's work remained unrecognised until 1900, when it was independently rediscovered by de Vries, Correns, and von Tschermak.
S3. The movement of chromosomes during meiosis was worked out by Walter Sutton and Theodore Boveri in 1902.
S4. Thomas Hunt Morgan’s experimental verification of the chromosomal theory of inheritance used Drosophila melanogaster.
S5. The concept of linkage and recombination was introduced by Alfred Sturtevant based on his studies with Drosophila.
✅ Correct Answer: B
The core concept is the historical timeline of genetic discoveries as presented in the chapter.
S1. NCERT states: 'Gregor Mendel, conducted hybridisation experiments on garden peas for seven years (1856-1863)'. So, S1 is correct.
S2. NCERT states: 'Mendel published his work on inheritance of characters in 1865 but for several reasons, it remained unrecognised till 1900. In 1900, three Scientists (de Vries, Correns and von Tschermak) independently rediscovered Mendel’s results'. So, S2 is correct.
S3. NCERT states: 'By 1902, the chromosome movement during meiosis had been worked out. Walter Sutton and Theodore Boveri noted that the behaviour of chromosomes was parallel to the behaviour of genes'. So, S3 is correct.
S4. NCERT states: 'experimental verification of the chromosomal theory of inheritance by Thomas Hunt Morgan and his colleagues... Morgan worked with the tiny fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster'. So, S4 is correct.
S5. Morgan and his group introduced the concept of linkage and recombination. His student, Alfred Sturtevant, used the frequency of recombination to map gene positions, but the initial concept was Morgan's. So, S5 is NOT correct as stated that Sturtevant introduced the concept. Morgan coined the terms. Sturtevant used the frequency.
Therefore, statements S1, S2, S3, and S4 are correct.
The tested concept is the chronological understanding of major contributions to genetics.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How many Principles of inheritance and variation questions does MedicNEET have?
MedicNEET has 491 questions for Principles of inheritance and variation, including 366 MCQs, 40 Assertion-Reason questions, and 85 NEET 2025-style long-form questions.
What is the NEET weightage of Principles of inheritance and variation?
Principles of inheritance and variation carries approximately 5% weightage in NEET, based on analysis of the last 10 years of papers. It falls under the Genetics and Evolution unit of Class 12 Biology.
Are Principles of inheritance and variation questions NCERT-based?
Yes, all MedicNEET Principles of inheritance and variation questions are built from line-by-line analysis of NCERT Class 12 textbook. Every question maps to specific NCERT pages and concepts.