Heterotrophic Bacteria: Roles and Functions — NEET Biology
📚 Practice ConceptHeterotrophic bacteria are most abundant in nature. The majority are important decomposers. Many of them have a significant impact on human affairs. They are helpful in making curd from milk, production of antibiotics, fixing nitrogen in legume
Match the following organisms/groups from Kingdom Monera with their characteristic features: Column I (Organism/Group) A. Archaebacteria B. Cyanobacteria C. Mycoplasma D. Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria E. Heterotrophic bacteria Column II (Key Feature/Classification) 1. Lack cell wall, smallest living cells known 2. Photosynthetic autotrophs with chlorophyll a, can fix atmospheric nitrogen 3. Live in extreme habitats like hot springs and marshy areas, produce biogas 4. Majority are important decomposers, causing diseases like cholera 5. Oxidise inorganic substances for ATP production Choose the correct match from the options given below:
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Correct answer: D — A-3, B-2, C-1, D-5, E-4
Let's match each item from Column I with its correct feature from Column II based on NCERT: A. Archaebacteria: These bacteria are special as they live in some of the most harsh habitats such as extreme salty areas, hot springs, and marshy areas. Methanogens (a type of Archaebacteria) are responsible for biogas production. So, A-3 is correct. B. Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae): They have chlorophyll a similar to green plants and are photosynthetic autotrophs. Some can fix atmospheric nitrogen in heterocysts. So, B-2 is correct. C. Mycoplasma: These organisms completely lack a cell wall and are the smallest living cells known. So, C-1 is correct. D. Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria: They oxidise various inorganic substances such as nitrates, nitrites, and ammonia and use the released energy for their ATP production. So, D-5 is correct. E. Heterotrophic bacteria: These are most abundant in nature, and the majority are important decomposers. Many are pathogens causing diseases like cholera. So, E-4 is correct. Therefore, the correct match is A-3, B-2, C-1, D-5, E-4. The question tests the specific characteristics and classification of diverse groups within Kingdom Monera.
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