As the blood passes through the capillaries in tissues, some water along with many small water soluble substances move out into the spaces between the cells of tissues leaving the larger proteins and most of the formed elements in the blood vessels. This fluid released out is called the interstitial fluid or tissue fluid. It has the same mineral distribution as that in plasma. Exchange of nutrients, gases, etc., between the blood and the cells always occur through this fluid. An elaborate network of vessels called the lymphatic system collects this fluid and drains it back to the major veins. The fluid present in the lymphatic system is called the lymph. Lymph is a colourless fluid containing specialised lymphocytes which are responsible for the immune responses of the body. Lymph is also an important carrier for nutrients, hormones, etc. Fats are absorbed through lymph in the lacteals present in the intestinal villi.
Which of the following statements are correct concerning the derivation and characteristics of lymph? S1: Lymph is formed when blood plasma, along with formed elements, filters out of capillaries into tissue spaces. S2: The colourless nature of lymph is primarily due to its lower protein content compared to blood plasma. S3: Interstitial fluid has a mineral distribution identical to that found in blood plasma, from which it is derived. S4: Lymph eventually drains back into major veins, contributing to the maintenance of blood volume and interstitial fluid balance. S5: Lymph serves as an important carrier for nutrients and hormones within the body.
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