Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) — NEET Biology

Correct answer: A — S1 and S3

The core concept tested here involves understanding the definitions and formulas of various respiratory volumes and capacities as described in NCERT. S1: Vital Capacity (VC) is defined as the maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after a forced expiration, or the maximum volume of air a person can breathe out after a forced inspiration. It includes ERV, TV, and IRV. Thus, S1 is correct. S2: Inspiratory Capacity (IC) is the total volume of air a person can inspire after a normal expiration, which is the sum of Tidal Volume (TV) and Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) (TV+IRV). The statement incorrectly states it as TV+ERV, which is Expiratory Capacity (EC). Thus, S2 is not correct. S3: Tidal Volume (TV) is the volume of air inspired or expired during a normal respiration, approximately 500 mL. A healthy human breathes 12-16 times/minute, leading to a minute ventilation of 6000-8000 mL/minute (12-16 x 500 mL). Thus, S3 is correct. S4: Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) is the volume of air that remains in the lungs after a normal expiration, and it is the sum of Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) and Residual Volume (RV) (ERV+RV). The statement incorrectly mentions Inspiratory Reserve Volume. Thus, S4 is not correct. S5: Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) is the additional volume of air a person can expire by a forcible expiration, averaging 1000-1100 mL. The additional volume a person can inspire by a forcible inspiration, averaging 2500-3000 mL, is Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV). Thus, S5 is not correct. Therefore, only S1 and S3 are correct. The final answer is A.