Hormone Glands Matching — NEET Biology

Correct answer: D — A–ii, B–iv, C–v, D–i, E–iii

This question requires matching various hormone-producing structures with their specific classifications or roles as described in NCERT. A. Pineal gland: The NCERT states, "Pineal gland is located on the dorsal side of forebrain. Pineal secretes a hormone called melatonin. Melatonin plays a very important role in the regulation of a 24-hour (diurnal) rhythm of our body." It is also listed as an "organised endocrine body". This matches 'ii. Organised endocrine gland with specific diurnal rhythm regulation'. B. Heart: The NCERT mentions, "the atrial wall of our heart secretes a very important peptide hormone called atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)". It is categorised as an organ that "also produce hormones" despite not being an "organised endocrine gland". This matches 'iv. Primarily a non-endocrine organ with hormone-producing cells'. C. Islets of Langerhans: The NCERT describes, "Pancreas is a composite gland... The endocrine pancreas consists of 'Islets of Langerhans'". This matches 'v. Endocrine part of a composite (mixed) gland'. D. Hypothalamus: The NCERT states, "It contains several groups of neurosecretory cells called nuclei which produce hormones. These hormones regulate the synthesis and secretion of pituitary hormones." This matches 'i. Contains neurosecretory cells regulating pituitary hormones'. E. Gastric mucosa: The NCERT indicates, "Endocrine cells present in different parts of the gastro-intestinal tract secrete four major peptide hormones". This describes 'iii. Diffuse endocrine tissue within a non-endocrine organ'. Therefore, the correct match is A–ii, B–iv, C–v, D–i, E–iii. Option A, C, and B are incorrect as they contain multiple mismatches. Option D accurately maps each structure to its correct classification/role. Recap: The question tests the understanding of the diverse nature of endocrine components, including organised glands, mixed glands, neurosecretory regions, and hormone-producing non-endocrine organs and diffuse tissues.