Class 12 · Ecosystem

Energy Flow & Trophic Levels — NEET Biology

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The important point to note is that the amount of energy decreases at successive trophic levels. When any organism dies it is converted to detritus or dead biomass that serves as an energy source for decomposers. Organisms at each trophic level depend on those at the lower trophic level for their energy demands.

NCERT Biology · Class 12 · Chapter 12 · Paragraph 26
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Choose the correct statements about energy pyramids and related energy flow: S1: The base of an energy pyramid represents the producers, and each bar indicates the amount of energy present at that trophic level annually per unit area. S2: Energy pyramids can never be inverted because a significant amount of energy is lost as heat at each successive trophic level, adhering to the Second Law of Thermodynamics. S3: The transfer of energy from one trophic level to the next strictly follows the 10% law, typically allowing for up to six or seven trophic levels in a grazing food chain. S4: Similar to pyramids of number and biomass, the pyramid of energy does not account for decomposers or organisms occupying multiple trophic levels simultaneously. S5: Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) constitutes less than 50% of the incident solar radiation, of which plants typically capture 2-10%.

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