Natural Selection & Types of Selection — NEET Biology
📚 Practice ConceptMicrobial experiments show that pre-existing advantageous mutations when selected will result in observation of new phenotypes. Over few generations, this would result in Speciation. Natural selection is a process in which heritable variations enabling better survival are enabled to reproduce and leave greater number of progeny. A critical analysis makes us believe that variation due to mutation or variation due to recombination during gametogenesis, or due to gene flow or genetic drift results in changed frequency of genes and alleles in future generation. Coupled to enhance reproductive success, natural selection makes it look like different population. Natural selection can lead to stabilisation (in which more individuals acquire mean character value), directional change (more individuals acquire value other than the mean character value) or disruption (more individuals acquire peripheral character value at both ends of the distribution curve).
Which of the following statements correctly describe the mechanism and outcome of natural selection? S1: Traits that exclusively increase an individual's lifespan, without enhancing reproductive success, are the primary targets of natural selection. S2: Natural selection operates on existing heritable variations within a population, favoring those that lead to differential reproductive advantage. S3: The concept of fitness, in the context of evolution, encompasses both survival and the ability to produce viable, fertile offspring. S4: Evolution by natural selection is an entirely predictable and directed process towards a specific, optimal phenotype. S5: While survival is important, the ultimate measure of an organism's evolutionary fitness is its contribution to the gene pool of the next generation.
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