Glomerular Filtration Process — NEET Biology
✅ Asked in NEET 2018The first step in urine formation is the filtration of blood, which is carried out by the glomerulus and is called glomerular filtration. On an average, 1100-1200 ml of blood is filtered by the kidneys per minute which constitute roughly 1/5th of the blood pumped out by each ventricle of the heart in a minute. The glomerular capillary blood pressure causes filtration of blood through 3 layers, i.e., the endothelium of glomerular blood vessels, the epithelium of Bowman's capsule and a basement membrane between these two layers. The epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule called podocytes are arranged in an intricate manner so as to leave some minute spaces called filtration slits or slit pores. Blood is filtered so finely through these membranes, that almost all the constituents of the plasma except the proteins pass onto the lumen of the Bowman's capsule. Therefore, it is considered as a process of ultra filtration.
NTA tests your understanding of glomerular filtration as ultrafiltration through three layers: endothelium, basement membrane, and Bowman's capsule epithelium (podocytes). Students often confuse it with regular filtration and incorrectly think proteins are filtered out, but proteins remain in blood due to their large size. The key trap is misremembering which substances pass through—nearly all plasma constituents except proteins enter the filtrate. Remember: ~1100-1200 ml blood filtered per minute, and podocytes create filtration slits that act like a selective barrier. This is fundamental to urine formation and frequently tested.
Match the following: Column I (Function) A. Ultrafiltration B. Concentration of urine C. Transport of urine D. Storage of urine Column II (Part of Excretory System) i. Henle’s loop ii. Ureter iii. Urinary bladder iv. Malpighian corpuscle
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