Seed Structure and Endosperm Types — NEET Biology
📚 Practice ConceptThe outermost covering of a seed is the seed coat. The seed coat has two layers, the outer testa and the inner tegmen. The hilum is a scar on the seed coat through which the developing seeds were attached to the fruit. Above the hilum is a small pore called the micropyle. Within the seed coat is the embryo, consisting of an embryonal axis and two cotyledons. The cotyledons are often fleshy and full of reserve food materials. At the two ends of the embryonal axis are present the radicle and the plumule. In some seeds such as castor the endosperm formed as a result of double fertilisation, is a food storing tissue and called endospermic seeds. In plants such as bean, gram and pea, the endosperm is not present in mature seeds and such seeds are called non-endospermous.
Which of the above statements are correct concerning the structure and function of different seed parts? S1: The hilum is a scar on the seed coat marking the point of attachment of the developing seed to the fruit wall. S2: The micropyle, a minute pore near the hilum, facilitates the absorption of water and oxygen essential for the embryo's metabolic activation. S3: Both plumule and radicle in dicot seeds are commonly encased within protective sheaths such as coleoptile and coleorhiza, respectively. S4: In non-endospermous dicot seeds, the food reserves are primarily stored in the fleshy cotyledons. S5: Seeds like castor are examples of non-endospermous dicots where the food reserves are solely stored in the cotyledons.
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