Respiration Pathways & Energy Production — NEET Biology

Which of the following statements accurately describe the energy yield and ATP synthesis during fermentation? S1: The net gain of ATP molecules from the fermentation of one glucose molecule is typically 2 ATP, which are generated during glycolysis. S2: Fermentation pathways, unlike aerobic respiration, involve both substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation for ATP synthesis. S3: In fermentation, a significant portion of the energy stored in glucose is released as heat and not trapped in ATP due to incomplete oxidation. S4: The ATP yield in fermentation is maximized under conditions of high oxygen availability, enhancing the efficiency of the process. S5: The "energy currency of the cell," ATP, is not produced at all during anaerobic fermentation.