Seed Structure and Storage Tissues — NEET Biology
📚 Practice ConceptIn angiosperms, the seed is the final product of sexual reproduction. It is often described as a fertilised ovule. Seeds are formed inside fruits. A seed typically consists of seed coat(s), cotyledon(s) and an embryo axis. The cotyledons of the embryo are simple structures, generally thick and swollen due to storage of food reserves (as in legumes). Mature seeds may be non-albuminous or ex-albuminous. Non-albuminous seeds have no residual endosperm as it is completely consumed during embryo development (e.g., pea, groundnut). Albuminous seeds retain a part of endosperm as it is not completely used up during embryo development (e.g., wheat, maize, barley, castor). Occasionally, in some seeds such as black pepper and beet, remnants of nucellus are also persistent. This residual, persistent nucellus is the perisperm.
Which of the following statements regarding seed structure and food reserves are correct? S1: In non-albuminous seeds, the endosperm is completely consumed by the developing embryo. S2: Monocotyledonous seeds, such as maize and wheat, typically have fleshy, reserve-rich cotyledons. S3: Pea and groundnut are examples of seeds where cotyledons act as the primary food storage. S4: Perisperm refers to the remnants of nucellus that persist in some mature seeds. S5: In albuminous seeds like castor, the cotyledons are thick and swollen due to stored food.
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