Fruit Development and Seed Dispersal — NEET Biology
📚 Practice ConceptAs ovules mature into seeds, the ovary develops into a fruit, i.e., the transformation of ovules into seeds and ovary into fruit proceeds simultaneously. The wall of the ovary develops into the wall of fruit called pericarp. The fruits may be fleshy as in guava, orange, mango, etc., or may be dry, as in groundnut, and mustard, etc. Many fruits have evolved mechanisms for dispersal of seeds. Recall the classification of fruits and their dispersal mechanisms that you have studied in an earlier class. Is there any relationship between number of ovules in an ovary and the number of seeds present in a fruit?
Which of the following statements concerning post-fertilisation changes in flowering plants are correct? S1: In angiosperms, the seed is the final product of sexual reproduction, forming inside fruits from the maturation of the ovule. S2: Albuminous seeds, like pea and groundnut, retain a part of the endosperm as it is not completely used up during embryo development. S3: The wall of the ovary develops into the pericarp, while the integuments of the ovule harden to form tough protective seed coats. S4: Parthenocarpic fruits, such as papaya, are generally seedless and are the result of fruit development without fertilisation. S5: In false fruits like apple and strawberry, the thalamus contributes to fruit formation, and their development occurs typically after fertilisation.
View solution & NCERT explanation
Correct answer: C — S1, S3 and S5 are correct
This question tests the understanding of post-fertilisation events, specifically the transformation of ovules into seeds and ovaries into fruits, as well as the characteristics of different fruit and seed types. S1: Correct. As stated in NCERT, the seed is the final product of sexual reproduction in angiosperms, and seeds are formed inside fruits as the ovules mature. S2: Incorrect. Pea and groundnut are examples of non-albuminous (or ex-albuminous) seeds, meaning they have no residual endosperm as it is completely consumed during embryo development. Albuminous seeds (e.g., wheat, maize, castor) retain a part of the endosperm. S3: Correct. Post-fertilisation, the wall of the ovary develops into the pericarp (fruit wall), and the integuments of the ovule harden to form the tough protective seed coats. S4: Incorrect. While parthenocarpic fruits are generally seedless and develop without fertilisation, banana is explicitly given as an example in NCERT for parthenocarpic fruits. Papaya is listed as an example of an ovary with many ovules, not specifically as a parthenocarpic fruit in this context. S5: Correct. False fruits, such as apple and strawberry, are characterized by the thalamus (along with the ovary) contributing to fruit formation. These fruits generally develop following successful fertilisation, unlike parthenocarpic fruits which develop without fertilisation. Therefore, statements S1, S3, and S5 are correct. The final answer is C.
What does NCERT say about As ovules mature into?
Has this concept appeared in NEET?
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