262
MCQ Questions
40
Assertion-Reason
58
NEET 2025 Pattern
52
Previous Year Q
NCERT Mapping
Biotechnology: Principles and processes is from NCERT Class 12 Biology, Chapter 9, under the unit Biotechnology. This chapter carries approximately 4% weightage in NEET, based on analysis of the last 10 years of question papers. MedicNEET covers this chapter with 360 questions — every question built from line-by-line NCERT analysis.
Topics in Biotechnology: Principles and processes
Processes of recombinant DNA technology
Tools of recombinant DNA technology
Principles of Biotechnology
Sample Questions — Biotechnology: Principles and processes
Try 5 free questions below. Get all 360 in the MedicNEET app.
MCQ
Which physical method can be used to transfer DNA into animal cells?
✅ Correct Answer: D
DNA is directly injected into the animal nucleus.
MCQ
Assertion (A): Bioreactors are used to culture genetically modified organisms in bulk.
Reason (R): They ensure aseptic, controlled growth with optimal nutrients and gases.
✅ Correct Answer: A
Bioreactors support bulk growth of recombinant organisms.
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MCQ
In electrophoresis, what is indicated by longer DNA fragments staying near the loading well?
✅ Correct Answer: C
Electrophoresis separates based on size—larger DNA travels less.
Assertion-Reason
Assertion (A): DNA requires special methods for cellular uptake.
Reason (R): DNA cannot pass through cell membranes because it is a hydrophilic molecule.
✅ Correct Answer: A
NCERT confirms DNA requires special uptake methods (competency, electroporation, etc.), making the Assertion true. NCERT explicitly states “Since DNA is a hydrophilic molecule, it cannot pass through cell membranes.” The Reason explains WHY special methods are needed - hydrophilic nature prevents natural membrane passage.
NEET 2025 Pattern
Which of the above statements are NOT correct regarding the enzymatic treatment steps in DNA isolation?
S1: Lysozyme is primarily used for breaking down the cell wall of fungal cells during DNA isolation.
S2: Protease treatment is essential to remove proteins, including histones, that are associated with the DNA.
S3: Ribonuclease is added to digest RNA, ensuring the purity of isolated DNA by preventing its co-precipitation.
S4: Cellulase is effectively employed for lysing bacterial cell walls to release DNA in plant genetic engineering.
S5: The purified DNA ultimately precipitates out after the addition of chilled ethanol, visible as fine threads.
✅ Correct Answer: A
The core concept tested here is the role of specific enzymes in the isolation of genetic material from different cell types. During DNA isolation, various enzymes are used to break down cellular components other than DNA.
S1: Incorrect. Lysozyme is used to break down bacterial cell walls. Chitinase is used for fungal cells. (NCERT Page 171, Isolation of the Genetic Material (DNA))
S2: Correct. Protease enzymes are used to digest proteins, including histones that are associated with DNA, thereby purifying the DNA. (NCERT Page 171, Isolation of the Genetic Material (DNA))
S3: Correct. Ribonuclease (RNase) is used to degrade RNA, ensuring that the isolated nucleic acid is predominantly DNA. (NCERT Page 171, Isolation of the Genetic Material (DNA))
S4: Incorrect. Cellulase is used to break down plant cell walls. Lysozyme is used for bacterial cell walls. (NCERT Page 171, Isolation of the Genetic Material (DNA))
S5: Correct. DNA is ultimately precipitated out by the addition of chilled ethanol, appearing as a collection of fine threads. (NCERT Page 171, Isolation of the Genetic Material (DNA))
Therefore, statements S1 and S4 are NOT correct.
The correct option is A because it correctly identifies the incorrect statements (S1 and S4) regarding the enzymatic treatment steps in DNA isolation. Options B, C, and D are incorrect as they either include correct statements or omit incorrect ones.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How many Biotechnology: Principles and processes questions does MedicNEET have?
MedicNEET has 360 questions for Biotechnology: Principles and processes, including 262 MCQs, 40 Assertion-Reason questions, and 58 NEET 2025-style long-form questions.
What is the NEET weightage of Biotechnology: Principles and processes?
Biotechnology: Principles and processes carries approximately 4% weightage in NEET, based on analysis of the last 10 years of papers. It falls under the Biotechnology unit of Class 12 Biology.
Are Biotechnology: Principles and processes questions NCERT-based?
Yes, all MedicNEET Biotechnology: Principles and processes questions are built from line-by-line analysis of NCERT Class 12 textbook. Every question maps to specific NCERT pages and concepts.