Principles of Biotechnology — Biotechnology: Principles and processes NEET Questions 2026

Sample Questions — Principles of Biotechnology

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MCQ

A student introduced a foreign DNA fragment into a host cell without attaching it to an origin of replication (ori). What would most likely happen?

A. DNA would integrate into host genome and replicate
B. DNA would be transcribed but not translated
C. DNA would not replicate and be lost in progeny
D. DNA would express only once and degrade

✅ Correct Answer: C

Without ori, replication fails and DNA cannot be inherited.

MCQ

Q3. What is the purpose of linking an alien DNA to an origin of replication in a vector?

A. To ensure the alien DNA can replicate in the host
B. To allow the host to reject foreign DNA
C. To increase the host's mutation rate
D. To enable transformation of vector to chromosomal DNA

✅ Correct Answer: A

Without the origin of replication, the introduced DNA would not multiply in the host.

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MCQ

What is the role of DNA ligase in genetic engineering?

A. Cutting DNA at specific locations
B. Linking antibiotic resistance genes
C. Joining DNA ends to form recombinant molecules
D. Breaking hydrogen bonds in DNA strands

✅ Correct Answer: C

DNA ligase joins cut DNA ends to form a recombinant DNA molecule.

MCQ

Q8. How does ligation contribute to successful genetic modification?

A. It transcribes DNA into RNA
B. It catalyses replication in the host
C. It fuses foreign DNA into the plasmid
D. It introduces mutations into plasmids

✅ Correct Answer: C

DNA ligase is essential for joining foreign DNA with vector DNA to form recombinant molecules.

MCQ

Q1.Assertion (A): Genetic engineering allows the introduction of a single desirable gene without introducing undesirable genes. Reason (R): In traditional hybridisation, recombination always introduces a large number of genes simultaneously.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
C. A is true, but R is false
D. A is false, but R is true

✅ Correct Answer: A

NCERT clearly explains that genetic engineering avoids inclusion of undesirable genes, unlike hybridisation which may multiply unwanted traits.

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