Reproductive Health — NEET 2027

Embryo with more than 16 blastomeres formed due to in-vitro fertilization is transferred into (NEET 2016 Phase-2)

1. A. Uterus
2. B. Fallopian tube
3. C. Fimbriae
4. D. Cervix

Explanation: Answer: (a) Uterus Solution: In intra uterine transfer (IUT), an embryo with more than 8 blastomeres formed by IVF is transferred into the uterus; an embryo with 16 blastomeres (>8) therefore goes to the uterus. The fallopian tube receives only the zygote or early embryo (up to 8 blastomeres) in ZIFT, so the tube, fimbriae and cervix are not the correct transfer sites here. NCERT Reference: Reproductive Health, p.48 — "embryos with more than 8 blastomeres, into the uterus (IUT – intra uterine transfer), to complete its further development"

Which of the following is hormone releasing IUD?

1. A. LNG-20
2. B. Multiload-375
3. C. Lippes loop
4. D. Cu7

Explanation: Answer: (a) LNG-20 Solution: LNG-20 (along with Progestasert) is a hormone-releasing IUD that, in addition to the usual IUD action, makes the uterus unsuitable for implantation and the cervix hostile to sperms. Multiload-375 and Cu7 are copper-releasing IUDs, while Lippes loop is a non-medicated IUD, so none of these is hormone-releasing. NCERT Reference: Reproductive Health, p.44 — "the hormone releasing IUDs (Progestasert, LNG-20)"

Which of the following approaches does not give the defined action of contraceptive? (a) Barrier methods – Prevent fertilization (b) Intra uterine devices – Increase phagocytosis of sperms, suppress sperm motility and fertilizing capacity of sperms (c) Hormonal contraceptives – Prevent / retard entry of sperms, prevent ovulation and fertilization (d) Vasectomy – Prevents spermatogenesis Choose the correct answer: (NEET 2016)

1. A. Barrier methods – Prevent fertilization
2. B. Intra uterine devices – Increase phagocytosis of sperms, suppress sperm motility and fertilizing capacity of sperms
3. C. Hormonal contraceptives – Prevent / retard entry of sperms, prevent ovulation and fertilization
4. D. Vasectomy – Prevents spermatogenesis

Explanation: Answer: (d) Vasectomy – Prevents spermatogenesis Solution: In vasectomy a part of the vas deferens is cut/tied, which blocks gamete transport so sperms cannot reach the semen — it does NOT stop spermatogenesis, which continues in the testes; hence pairing (4) is wrong. Barrier methods physically prevent ovum and sperm meeting (fertilization), IUDs increase phagocytosis and suppress sperm motility/fertilising capacity, and hormonal contraceptives inhibit ovulation/implantation and alter cervical mucus — all three (1),(2),(3) are correctly defined. NCERT Reference: Reproductive Health, p.46 — "Surgical intervention blocks gamete transport and thereby prevent conception."

In context of Amniocentesis, which of the following statement is incorrect?

1. A. It is usually done when a woman is between 14 – 16 weeks pregnant
2. B. It is used for prenatal sex determination
3. C. It can be used for detection of Down syndrome
4. D. It can be used for detection of Cleft palate

Explanation: Answer: (d) It can be used for detection of Cleft palate Solution: Amniocentesis analyses fetal cells and dissolved substances in the amniotic fluid to detect chromosomal/genetic disorders such as Down syndrome, haemophilia and sickle-cell anaemia — it cannot detect cleft palate, a structural malformation, so statement (4) is incorrect. Although it can reveal the foetus's sex, this misuse for prenatal sex-determination is statutorily banned but technically possible, so (2) is a correct statement. Statements (1) and (3) describe genuine, correct uses of the test. NCERT Reference: Reproductive Health, p.42 — "This procedure is used to test for the presence of certain genetic disorders such as, down syndrome, haemoplilia, sickle-cell anemia, etc."

Which of the following is incorrect regarding vasectomy?

1. A. No sperm occurs in seminal fluid
2. B. No sperm occurs in epididymis
3. C. Vasa deferentia is cut and tied
4. D. Irreversible sterility

Explanation: Answer: (b) No sperm occurs in epididymis Solution: In vasectomy the vas deferens is cut/tied, so sperms produced in the testes still reach and remain present in the epididymis — they simply cannot pass beyond the block into the semen; hence statement (2) is incorrect. Because the transport is blocked, no sperm occurs in the seminal fluid (1) and the procedure has very poor reversibility, effectively producing terminal sterility (4); the vasa deferentia being cut and tied (3) is the procedure itself. NCERT Reference: Reproductive Health, p.46 — "In vasectomy, a small part of the vas deferens is removed or tied up through a small incision on the scrotum"