"All vertebrates are chordates but all chordates are not vertebrates". Justify the statement.
Assertion (A): All vertebrates are chordates but all chordates are not vertebrates. Reason (R): Vertebrates represent a more advanced evolutionary group within the chordate phylum.
Correct answer: B — If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
NCERT states “Thus all vertebrates are chordates but all chordates are not vertebrates” (Assertion true). The Reason is true - vertebrates are indeed more advanced with vertebral column replacing notochord. However, the Reason doesn’t explain WHY all chordates aren’t vertebrates - it doesn’t explain that some chordates (like Amphioxus) retain the notochord without developing vertebrae.
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