Ecological Pyramids: Numbers & Biomass — NEET Biology

Which of the following statements regarding ecosystem structure and energy flow are NOT correct? S1: Energy flow in an ecosystem is typically bidirectional, allowing for recycling of energy between different trophic levels. S2: In a forest ecosystem, the pyramid of number is always upright, similar to a grassland ecosystem, maintaining a broad base of producers. S3: The inverted pyramid of biomass observed in oceanic ecosystems is primarily due to the very large standing crop and slow turnover rate of phytoplankton. S4: Ecological pyramids are universally ideal representations, as they flawlessly account for complex food webs and organisms operating at multiple trophic levels. S5: Primary productivity in the oceans accounts for a larger fraction of the total biosphere's net primary productivity compared to land, owing to their vast area.