Kidney Transplantation and Immune Rejection — NEET Biology
📚 Practice ConceptKidney transplantation is the ultimate method in the correction of acute renal failures (kidney failure). A functioning kidney is used in transplantation from a donor, preferably a close relative, to minimise its chances of rejection by the immune system of the host. Modern clinical procedures have increased the success rate of such a complicated technique.
Which of the following statements regarding the process of hemodialysis are correct? S1: Blood drained from an artery is pumped into the dialysing unit after adding an anticoagulant like heparin. S2: The dialysing fluid used has a composition identical to plasma, including nitrogenous wastes, to facilitate efficient filtration. S3: The cellophane membrane of the dialysing unit acts as a selectively permeable barrier, allowing passage of molecules based on a concentration gradient. S4: The cleared blood is pumped back to the body through a vein, but only after adding anti-heparin to it. S5: Hemodialysis is considered the ultimate, long-term cure for chronic renal failure, similar to a kidney transplant.
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Correct answer: B — S1, S3, and S4 are correct
The core concept here is the mechanism and components of hemodialysis. S1: "Blood drained from a convenient artery is pumped into a dialysing unit after adding an anticoagulant like heparin." This statement is correct. S2: "The unit contains a coiled cellophane tube surrounded by a fluid (dialysing fluid) having the same composition as that of plasma except the nitrogenous wastes." This statement is incorrect because the dialysing fluid lacks nitrogenous wastes, which is crucial for creating the concentration gradient for their removal. S3: "The porous cellophane membrance of the tube allows the passage of molecules based on concentration gradient." This statement is correct, as the cellophane acts as a selective barrier. S4: "The cleared blood is pumped back to the body through a vein after adding anti-heparin to it." This statement is correct, as anti-heparin neutralizes the anticoagulant effect before returning blood to the body. S5: "Kidney transplantation is the ultimate method in the correction of acute renal failures (kidney failure)." Hemodialysis is a treatment, not a permanent cure like kidney transplantation. This statement is incorrect. Therefore, statements S1, S3, and S4 are correct.
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