A chordate animal having flame cells as excretory structures
Assertion (A): Excretory structures vary in complexity across different animal groups. Reason (R): Invertebrates have complex tubular organs called kidneys while vertebrates have simple tubular forms.
Correct answer: C — If assertion is true but reason is false.
NCERT states “In most of the invertebrates, these structures are simple tubular forms whereas vertebrates have complex tubular organs called kidneys.” The Assertion is true - excretory structures do vary in complexity. The Reason swaps the complexity - invertebrates have simple forms, vertebrates have complex kidneys, not vice versa.
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