Antibody Structure and Humoral Immunity — NEET Biology
✅ Asked in NEET 2024The B-lymphocytes produce an army of proteins in response to pathogens into our blood to fight with them. These proteins are called antibodies. The T-cells themselves do not secrete antibodies but help B cells to produce them. Each antibody molecule has four peptide chains, two small called light chains and two longer called heavy chains. Hence, an antibody is represented as H2L2. Different types of antibodies are produced in our body. IgA, IgM, IgE, IgG are some of them. A cartoon of an antibody Because these antibodies are found in the blood, the response is also called as humoral immune response. This is one of the two types of our acquired immune response – antibody mediated. The second type is called cell-mediated immune response or cell-mediated immunity (CMI). The T-lymphocytes mediate CMI. Very often, when some human organs like heart, eye, liver, kidney fail to function satisfactorily, transplantation is the only remedy to enable the patient to live a normal life. Then a search begins – to find a suitable donor. Why is it that the organs cannot be taken from just anybody? What is it that the doctors check? Grafts from
NTA tests whether students understand that B-lymphocytes produce antibodies (H2L2 structure: 2 heavy + 2 light chains) in response to pathogens, creating humoral immune response. Students often confuse the roles of B and T cells—remembering that B cells secrete antibodies while T cells help B cells (not secreting antibodies themselves) is critical. Many also mix up humoral immunity with cell-mediated immunity; humoral uses antibodies in blood, while CMI uses T-lymphocytes directly. To score correctly: B-lymphocytes = antibodies in blood = humoral response; T-lymphocytes = direct cell action = cell-mediated response. Know antibody types (IgA, IgM, IgE, IgG) and their H2L2 representation.
Match List-I with List-II: (NEET 2024) List-I: A. B-Lymphocytes B. Interferons C. T-Lymphocytes D. Colostrum List-II: I. Passive immunity II. Cell mediated immunity III. Produce an army of proteins in response to pathogens IV. Innate immunity Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
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