Human Genome Project: Scope and Importance — NEET Biology
📚 Practice ConceptHuman Genome Project (HGP) was called a mega project. You can imagine the magnitude and the requirements for the project if we simply define the aims of the project as follows:
Which of the following statements regarding the Human Genome Project (HGP) and its findings are correct? S1: Human genome project aimed to identify approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in human DNA. S2: The entire process of DNA sequencing was completed using only manual sequencing methods due to the immense scale and complexity of the human genome. S3: Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BACs) and Yeast Artificial Chromosomes (YACs) were utilized as vectors for cloning large DNA fragments in their respective hosts. S4: Less than 2% of the human genome is known to code for proteins, while repetitive sequences constitute a very small portion of the total genome. S5: Chromosome Y is identified as the human chromosome containing the highest number of genes, providing unique genetic insights.
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Correct answer: A — S1 and S3 only
The Human Genome Project aimed to determine the complete DNA sequence of the human genome. Let's evaluate each statement: S1: This statement is correct. One of the important goals of HGP was to identify approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in human DNA. S2: This statement is incorrect. The sequencing in HGP was performed using automated DNA sequencers, not solely manual methods. S3: This statement is correct. BAC (bacterial artificial chromosomes) and YAC (yeast artificial chromosomes) were specialized vectors used for cloning DNA fragments in bacteria and yeast hosts, respectively. S4: This statement is incorrect. While less than 2 per cent of the genome codes for proteins, repetitive sequences make up a very large portion of the human genome, not a small one. S5: This statement is incorrect. Chromosome Y has the fewest genes (231), while Chromosome 1 has the most genes (2968). Therefore, only statements S1 and S3 are correct.
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