Human Genome Project Goals — NEET Biology

Which of the following statements accurately describe the roles and properties of RNA and DNA in the context of the early evolution of life? S1: RNA's dual capacity to store genetic information and catalyze biochemical reactions (as ribozymes) is a cornerstone of the hypothesis proposing it as the first genetic material. S2: DNA, with its chemically stable structure, the absence of a reactive 2'-OH group, and double-stranded nature, emerged as a superior molecule for long-term genetic information storage compared to RNA. S3: Although proteins are highly efficient enzymes, their inability to self-replicate or directly carry inheritable genetic instructions meant they could not serve as the primary genetic material in the earliest life forms. S4: The fundamental machinery for protein synthesis, including the catalytic activity of ribosomal RNA, evolved around RNA, providing further support for a primordial RNA-centric biological system. S5: The presence of thymine at the place of uracil in DNA significantly increases its instability, making it more prone to mutation and degradation than RNA.