Human Genome Project Goals — NEET Biology
📚 Practice ConceptIdentify all the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in human DNA; (ii) Determine the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up human DNA; (iii) Store this information in databases; (iv) Improve tools for data analysis; (v) Transfer related technologies to other sectors, such as industries; (vi) Address the ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI) that may arise from the project.
Which of the following statements regarding the Human Genome Project (HGP) and its findings are correct? S1: Human genome project aimed to identify approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in human DNA. S2: The entire process of DNA sequencing was completed using only manual sequencing methods due to the immense scale and complexity of the human genome. S3: Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BACs) and Yeast Artificial Chromosomes (YACs) were utilized as vectors for cloning large DNA fragments in their respective hosts. S4: Less than 2% of the human genome is known to code for proteins, while repetitive sequences constitute a very small portion of the total genome. S5: Chromosome Y is identified as the human chromosome containing the highest number of genes, providing unique genetic insights.
View solution & NCERT explanation
Correct answer: A — S1 and S3 only
The Human Genome Project aimed to determine the complete DNA sequence of the human genome. Let's evaluate each statement: S1: This statement is correct. One of the important goals of HGP was to identify approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in human DNA. S2: This statement is incorrect. The sequencing in HGP was performed using automated DNA sequencers, not solely manual methods. S3: This statement is correct. BAC (bacterial artificial chromosomes) and YAC (yeast artificial chromosomes) were specialized vectors used for cloning DNA fragments in bacteria and yeast hosts, respectively. S4: This statement is incorrect. While less than 2 per cent of the genome codes for proteins, repetitive sequences make up a very large portion of the human genome, not a small one. S5: This statement is incorrect. Chromosome Y has the fewest genes (231), while Chromosome 1 has the most genes (2968). Therefore, only statements S1 and S3 are correct.
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