Repetitive DNA Sequences — NEET Biology
📚 Practice ConceptRepetitive sequences are stretches of DNA sequences that are repeated many times, sometimes hundred to thousand times. They are thought to have no direct coding functions, but they shed light on chromosome structure, dynamics and evolution.
Which of the following statements about the Human Genome Project (HGP) and its outcomes are NOT correct? S1: The Human Genome Project was primarily a 5-year initiative aimed at exclusively sequencing the coding regions of the human DNA. S2: Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) represented an approach focused on identifying all genes that are transcribed as RNA. S3: One of the major findings was that approximately 99.9% of nucleotide bases are identical in all humans, highlighting minimal genetic variation. S4: Repetitive DNA sequences, which form a significant portion of the human genome, are thought to have direct coding functions. S5: The project identified approximately 1.4 million locations of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), which are crucial for tracing human history and disease association.
View solution & NCERT explanation
Correct answer: D — S1 and S4 only
This question requires identifying incorrect statements concerning the Human Genome Project. Let's evaluate each statement: S1: This statement is incorrect. The Human Genome Project was a 13-year project (completed in 2003, started in 1990) and aimed at sequencing the *entire* human genome, including both coding and non-coding sequences, not exclusively coding regions. S2: This statement is correct. Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) was an approach that focused on identifying all the genes that are expressed as RNA. S3: This statement is correct. A significant finding was that almost all (99.9 per cent) nucleotide bases are exactly the same in all humans. S4: This statement is incorrect. Repetitive sequences make up a very large portion of the human genome, but they are thought to have *no direct coding functions*. S5: This statement is correct. Scientists identified about 1.4 million locations where single-base DNA differences (SNPs) occur in humans, which is valuable information for various applications. Therefore, statements S1 and S4 are NOT correct.
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