Genome Sequencing Impact on Biology—NEET Biology
📚 Practice ConceptDeriving meaningful knowledge from the DNA sequences will define research through the coming decades leading to our understanding of biological systems. This enormous task will require the expertise and creativity of tens of thousands of scientists from varied disciplines in both the public and private sectors worldwide. One of the greatest impacts of having the HG sequence may well be enabling a radically new approach to biological research. In the past, researchers studied one or a few genes at a time. With whole-genome sequences and new high-throughput technologies, we can approach questions systematically and on a much
Which of the following statements about the Human Genome Project (HGP) and its outcomes are NOT correct? S1: The Human Genome Project was primarily a 5-year initiative aimed at exclusively sequencing the coding regions of the human DNA. S2: Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) represented an approach focused on identifying all genes that are transcribed as RNA. S3: One of the major findings was that approximately 99.9% of nucleotide bases are identical in all humans, highlighting minimal genetic variation. S4: Repetitive DNA sequences, which form a significant portion of the human genome, are thought to have direct coding functions. S5: The project identified approximately 1.4 million locations of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), which are crucial for tracing human history and disease association.
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Correct answer: D — S1 and S4 only
This question requires identifying incorrect statements concerning the Human Genome Project. Let's evaluate each statement: S1: This statement is incorrect. The Human Genome Project was a 13-year project (completed in 2003, started in 1990) and aimed at sequencing the *entire* human genome, including both coding and non-coding sequences, not exclusively coding regions. S2: This statement is correct. Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) was an approach that focused on identifying all the genes that are expressed as RNA. S3: This statement is correct. A significant finding was that almost all (99.9 per cent) nucleotide bases are exactly the same in all humans. S4: This statement is incorrect. Repetitive sequences make up a very large portion of the human genome, but they are thought to have *no direct coding functions*. S5: This statement is correct. Scientists identified about 1.4 million locations where single-base DNA differences (SNPs) occur in humans, which is valuable information for various applications. Therefore, statements S1 and S4 are NOT correct.
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Through deep analysis of NEET and NTA, 176 of the 180 ReNEET 2026 (June 21) questions were already in the MedicNEET question bank before the exam.
176/180MedicNEET's Biology question bank is built from the same NCERT lines NTA picks repeatedly. Not random MCQs — questions crafted exactly like NTA crafts them.