Structural Differences Between RNA and DNA — NEET Biology

Correct answer: D — A-II, B-I, C-I, D-II, E-II

The core concept tested is the distinguishing features of DNA and RNA. Let's match each feature from Column I with the correct nucleic acid in Column II: A. Contains an additional -OH group at 2'-position of ribose: This is a characteristic of RNA (ribose sugar). So, A-II. B. Possesses thymine at the place of uracil: Thymine is present in DNA, while uracil is in RNA. So, B-I. C. Functions as the genetic material in the majority of organisms: DNA acts as the genetic material in most organisms. So, C-I. D. Known to exhibit catalytic activity (ribozyme): RNA molecules (ribozymes) can act as catalysts. So, D-II. E. Exhibits a faster mutation rate due to inherent instability: RNA is chemically less stable and mutates at a faster rate. So, E-II. Therefore, the correct match is A-II, B-I, C-I, D-II, E-II. Incorrect options: B. Incorrectly maps A, C, D, E. C. Incorrectly maps C and E. D. Incorrectly maps A, B, C. The final answer is D. Recap: Key differences between RNA and DNA include the presence of 2'-OH in RNA, thymine in DNA (uracil in RNA), DNA's role as primary genetic material in most organisms, RNA's catalytic activity, and RNA's higher mutation rate.