Classification Systems in Angiosperms — NEET Biology

Correct answer: A — A-3-i, B-1-iv, C-2-iii, D-4-ii

Let's analyze each classification system and match it with its basis and key feature/limitation according to NCERT: A. Artificial System: "The earliest systems of classification used only gross superficial morphological characters... Such systems were artificial; they separated the closely related species since they were based on a few characteristics. Also, the artificial systems gave equal weightage to vegetative and sexual characteristics...". Thus, Artificial System (A) matches with 'Gross superficial morphological characters' (3) and 'Gave equal weightage to vegetative and sexual characters' (i). So, A-3-i. B. Natural System: "natural classification systems developed, which were based on natural affinities among the organisms and consider, not only the external features, but also internal features, like ultra-structure, anatomy, embryology and phytochemistry." Thus, Natural System (B) matches with 'Natural affinities among organisms' (1) and 'Considers external and internal features like ultrastructure' (iv). So, B-1-iv. C. Phylogenetic System: "At present phylogenetic classification systems based on evolutionary relationships between the various organisms are acceptable. This assumes that organisms belonging to the same taxa have a common ancestor." Thus, Phylogenetic System (C) matches with 'Evolutionary relationships' (2) and 'Assumes organisms in same taxa have a common ancestor' (iii). So, C-2-iii. D. Cytotaxonomy: "Cytotaxonomy, that is based on cytological information like chromosome number, structure, behaviour... to resolve confusions". Thus, Cytotaxonomy (D) matches with 'Cytological information' (4) and 'Utilizes information like chromosome number and behavior' (ii). So, D-4-ii. Combining these, the correct match is A-3-i, B-1-iv, C-2-iii, D-4-ii. Option A correctly presents all these pairings. Options B, C, and D contain incorrect pairings for one or more classification systems. The core concept tested is the ability to differentiate between various classification systems based on their underlying principles and key characteristics.