Pteridophyte Life Cycle & Structure — NEET Biology

Correct answer: C — S1, S2, and S4 are correct

The core concept tested is the characteristics of pteridophytes, particularly their life cycle, habitat requirements, and evolutionary significance. S1: Correct. The NCERT states, "the main plant body is a sporophyte which is differentiated into true root, stem and leaves. These organs possess well-differentiated vascular tissues." (Page 30). S2: Correct. The NCERT mentions, "The spores germinate to give rise to inconspicuous, small but multicellular, free-living, mostly photosynthetic thalloid gametophytes called prothallus. These gametophytes require cool, damp, shady places to grow." (Page 32). S3: Incorrect. The male gametes (antherozoids) are released from the antheridia and require water to reach the mouth of the archegonium, not the reverse. The NCERT clearly states, "Water is required for transfer of antherozoids – the male gametes released from the antheridia, to the mouth of archegonium." (Page 32). S4: Correct. The NCERT explains, "The female gametophytes in these plants [heterosporous] are retained on the parent sporophytes for variable periods. The development of the zygotes into young embryos take place within the female gametophytes. This event is a precursor to the seed habit considered an important step in evolution." (Page 32). S5: Incorrect. Not all pteridophytes are homosporous. Genera like Selaginella and Salvinia are heterosporous, producing two kinds of spores (macro and microspores). The NCERT states, "In majority of the pteridophytes all the spores are of similar kinds; such plants are called homosporous. Genera like Selaginella and Salvinia which produce two kinds of spores... are known as heterosporous." (Page 32). Therefore, statements S1, S2, and S4 are correct. This question assesses the understanding of key characteristics and reproductive biology of pteridophytes.