Genes and Alleles: Units of Inheritance — NEET Biology
📚 Practice ConceptBased on these observations, Mendel proposed that something was being stably passed down, unchanged, from parent to offspring through the gametes, over successive generations. He called these things as 'factors'. Now we call them as genes. Genes, therefore, are the units of inheritance. They contain the information that is required to express a particular trait in an organism. Genes which code for a pair of contrasting traits are known as alleles, i.e., they are slightly different forms of the same gene.
Match the Column I (Term) with Column II (Description/Definition). Column I (Term) a. Allele b. Monohybrid c. Phenotype d. Homozygous e. Genotype Column II (Description/Definition) i. Observable expression of a trait ii. Having identical alleles for a trait iii. Different forms of a gene iv. Genetic constitution of an organism v. Heterozygote for a single gene
View solution & NCERT explanation
Correct answer: A — a-iii, b-v, c-i, d-ii, e-iv
This question tests the understanding of fundamental genetic terminology introduced in the chapter. a. Allele: These are slightly different forms of the same gene, coding for a pair of contrasting traits. (Column II: iii. Different forms of a gene). b. Monohybrid: An individual heterozygous for genes controlling one character, or a cross involving one character. (Column II: v. Heterozygote for a single gene). c. Phenotype: The observable characteristic or external appearance of an organism. (Column II: i. Observable expression of a trait). d. Homozygous: An organism having identical alleles for a particular trait (e.g., TT or tt). (Column II: ii. Having identical alleles for a trait). e. Genotype: The genetic constitution or set of alleles of an organism. (Column II: iv. Genetic constitution of an organism). Therefore, the correct match is a-iii, b-v, c-i, d-ii, e-iv.
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