Polyembryony in Angiosperm Seeds — NEET Biology

Correct answer: C — S1, S3 and S5 are correct

This question tests the understanding of post-fertilisation events, specifically the transformation of ovules into seeds and ovaries into fruits, as well as the characteristics of different fruit and seed types. S1: Correct. As stated in NCERT, the seed is the final product of sexual reproduction in angiosperms, and seeds are formed inside fruits as the ovules mature. S2: Incorrect. Pea and groundnut are examples of non-albuminous (or ex-albuminous) seeds, meaning they have no residual endosperm as it is completely consumed during embryo development. Albuminous seeds (e.g., wheat, maize, castor) retain a part of the endosperm. S3: Correct. Post-fertilisation, the wall of the ovary develops into the pericarp (fruit wall), and the integuments of the ovule harden to form the tough protective seed coats. S4: Incorrect. While parthenocarpic fruits are generally seedless and develop without fertilisation, banana is explicitly given as an example in NCERT for parthenocarpic fruits. Papaya is listed as an example of an ovary with many ovules, not specifically as a parthenocarpic fruit in this context. S5: Correct. False fruits, such as apple and strawberry, are characterized by the thalamus (along with the ovary) contributing to fruit formation. These fruits generally develop following successful fertilisation, unlike parthenocarpic fruits which develop without fertilisation. Therefore, statements S1, S3, and S5 are correct. The final answer is C.