Mention two strategies evolved to prevent self-pollination in flowers.
Which of the following statements are correct? S1: Flowers are recognized as morphological and embryological marvels, serving as the definitive sites of sexual reproduction in angiosperms. S2: The remarkable diversity in the structure of inflorescences, flowers, and their parts primarily reflects adaptations aimed at ensuring the formation of fruits and seeds. S3: Vegetative growth and storage of food reserves are the fundamental biological functions for which flowers have primarily evolved. S4: While various adaptations exist, all flowering plants rely exclusively on biotic agents for pollination to achieve sexual reproduction. S5: The development of the floral primordium, which leads to flower formation, is initiated by specific hormonal and structural changes within the plant.
Correct answer: A — S1, S2 and S5 only
The core concept tested is the biological significance and function of a flower in angiosperms. S1: This statement is correct. NCERT states, 'To a biologist, flowers are morphological and embryological marvels and the sites of sexual reproduction.' S2: This statement is correct. NCERT mentions, 'A look at the diversity of structures of the inflorescences, flowers and floral parts, shows an amazing range of adaptations to ensure formation of the end products of sexual reproduction, the fruits and seeds.' S3: This statement is incorrect. Flowers are primarily for sexual reproduction, not for vegetative growth or as primary storage organs for food reserves. S4: This statement is incorrect. NCERT clearly states, 'Majority of plants use biotic agents for pollination. Only a small proportion of plants use abiotic agents.' This indicates that not all flowering plants rely exclusively on biotic agents. S5: This statement is correct. NCERT explains, 'Several hormonal and structural changes are initiated which lead to the differentiation and further development of the floral primordium.' Therefore, statements S1, S2, and S5 are correct.
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