Biology · Biotechnology: Principles and Processes · NEET
No. Hybridisation is a natural-style cross between two whole plants or animals, so their full sets of genes mix. Genetic engineering does not cross whole organisms; it takes out only the desired gene in a test tube and puts that single gene into the host. So the mechanisms and the precision are very different.
In hybridisation, the desired gene comes together with many undesirable genes, and these undesirable genes also get multiplied in the offspring. Genetic engineering lets us isolate and introduce only the one gene we want, so the host gets the useful trait without the extra unwanted traits. This is the exact limitation NCERT says rDNA technology overcomes.
No. Because two whole organisms are crossed, thousands of genes recombine at once. You cannot pick a single gene. Only genetic engineering can move one gene, or one chosen set of genes, from any source into the host.
Genetic engineering can take a gene from any organism (even bacteria) and put it into a completely unrelated host, because it moves DNA directly. Traditional hybridisation is limited to organisms that can sexually cross, usually the same or closely related species. This wider reach is a key advantage of genetic engineering.
NCERT says genetic engineering includes (1) creation of recombinant DNA, (2) gene cloning, and (3) gene transfer. Together these three let us isolate and introduce only the desired gene(s) into the host and change its phenotype in a controlled way.
Try the real previous-year questions from this chapter — each with the answer and a full solution.
It very often leads to inclusion and multiplication of undesirable genes along with the desired genes, because whole organisms are crossed.
It allows us to isolate and introduce only one gene, or one set of desired genes, into the host without carrying unwanted genes.
No. Asexual reproduction preserves the genetic information (clones), while sexual reproduction permits variation. This is the NCERT line just before the hybridisation point.
Yes. It is the opening idea of the Biotechnology chapter and NEET often frames the 'why rDNA over conventional breeding' point in statement or assertion-reason questions, so knowing the exact NCERT wording helps.
