In higher vertebrates, the immune system can distinguish self-cells and non-self. If this property is lost due to genetic abnormality and it attacks self-cells, then it leads to:
Answer: (C) Auto-immune disease. Answer: (C) Auto-immune disease Solution: NCERT explains that memory-based acquired immunity in higher vertebrates is based on the ability to differentiate self-cells from foreign organisms.
- A.Allergic response
- B.Graft rejection
- C.Auto-immune disease✓
- D.Active immunity
Correct Answer
(C) Auto-immune disease
Solution & Explanation
Answer: (C) Auto-immune disease Solution: NCERT explains that memory-based acquired immunity in higher vertebrates is based on the ability to differentiate self-cells from foreign organisms. When, due to genetic and other unknown reasons, the body attacks self-cells, it results in damage and is called auto-immune disease (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis). Why not the others: An allergic response is an exaggerated reaction to external antigens, not self-cells; graft rejection is a cell-mediated response against non-self transplanted tissue; active immunity is protection developed after exposure to antigens. NCERT Reference: NCERT Ch7, p.137, lines 31-33: "the body attacks self-cells. This results in damage to the body and is called auto-immune disease"