Given below are two statements: Statement I: In an ecosystem, there is a unidirectional flow of energy from the sun through producers to consumers. Statement II: Ecosystems are exempted from the 2nd law of thermodynamics. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Solution & Explanation

Answer: (A) Statement I is TRUE: there is a unidirectional flow of energy from the sun to producers and then to consumers. Statement II is FALSE: ecosystems are NOT exempt from the second law of thermodynamics — they need a constant energy supply to counteract increasing disorder. Since I is correct and II is incorrect, the answer is (a). NCERT Reference: Ch 12, p.209 — “ecosystems are not exempt from the Second Law”