Eukaryotic Cell Structure and Organization — NEET Biology

Correct answer: D — A-iii, B-iv, C-ii, D-i, E-v

NCERT core concept: Structure and function of eukaryotic cell organelles. A. Mitochondria: Correctly matched with 'iii. Double membrane-bound with inner membrane infoldings, site of aerobic respiration, contains circular DNA and 70S ribosomes.' Mitochondria are double membrane structures, with the inner membrane forming cristae. They are the sites of aerobic respiration and produce ATP. Their matrix contains single circular DNA molecules and 70S ribosomes (NCERT page 96-97). B. Ribosomes: Correctly matched with 'iv. Non-membrane bound granular structures, site of protein synthesis, composed of RNA and proteins.' Ribosomes are non-membrane bound organelles, composed of RNA and proteins, and are the site of protein synthesis (NCERT page 98). C. Lysosomes: Correctly matched with 'ii. Formed by packaging in Golgi apparatus, contains hydrolytic enzymes active at acidic pH.' Lysosomes are membrane-bound vesicular structures formed by the Golgi apparatus, rich in hydrolytic enzymes optimally active at acidic pH (NCERT page 96). D. Nucleus: Correctly matched with 'i. Contains nucleoli for active ribosomal RNA synthesis, enveloped by nuclear membrane.' The nucleus is an organized structure with a nuclear envelope, and its nucleoplasm contains nucleoli, which are sites for active ribosomal RNA synthesis (NCERT page 88, 100). E. Golgi apparatus: Correctly matched with 'v. System of flattened disc-shaped cisternae, performs packaging of materials, major site of glycoprotein and glycolipid formation.' Golgi apparatus consists of flat, disc-shaped sacs called cisternae. It functions in packaging materials and is an important site for the formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids (NCERT page 95-96). Recap: Eukaryotic cells exhibit extensive compartmentalization due to membrane-bound organelles, each with specific structural and functional characteristics.