Cell Organelles: Structure and Function — NEET Biology
📚 Practice ConceptLet us now look at individual cell organelles to understand their structure and functions.
Which of the following statements are correct regarding the comparison of onion peel cells (plant cell) and human cheek cells (animal cell)? S1: Both onion peel cells and human cheek cells are enclosed by a distinct cell wall as their outermost boundary. S2: The cytoplasm in both cell types is the main arena of cellular activities and contains non-membrane bound organelles like ribosomes. S3: Plastids, which are responsible for diverse functions including photosynthesis and storage, are characteristic features of onion peel cells but are absent in human cheek cells. S4: A large central vacuole, occupying up to 90% of the cell volume, is a unique feature of mature plant cells like onion peel cells, while animal cells like human cheek cells typically lack them or have small, temporary ones. S5: Centrioles, which play a crucial role in cell division, are present in almost all animal cells including human cheek cells, but are generally absent in plant cells.
View solution & NCERT explanation
Correct answer: B — S2, S3, S4 and S5
The question evaluates the understanding of similarities and differences between plant and animal cells, two types of eukaryotic cells. S1: Onion peel cells have a cell wall, but human cheek cells (animal cells) do not possess a cell wall; their outermost boundary is the plasma membrane. Thus, statement S1 is incorrect. S2: Cytoplasm is the main arena of cellular activities in both plant and animal cells. Ribosomes are non-membrane bound organelles found in the cytoplasm of both eukaryotic cells. Thus, statement S2 is correct. S3: Plastids (e.g., chloroplasts, leucoplasts) are unique to plant cells and euglenoids, performing functions like photosynthesis and storage. They are absent in animal cells like human cheek cells. Thus, statement S3 is correct. S4: Plant cells, such as onion peel cells, typically have a large central vacuole that can occupy up to 90% of the cell volume. Animal cells generally lack such a large vacuole, having smaller, temporary ones or none. Thus, statement S4 is correct. S5: Centrioles, involved in forming spindle fibres during cell division, are present in animal cells (e.g., human cheek cells) but are absent in almost all plant cells. Thus, statement S5 is correct. Therefore, statements S2, S3, S4, and S5 are correct. The final answer is B.
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Through deep analysis of NEET and NTA, 176 of the 180 ReNEET 2026 (June 21) questions were already in the MedicNEET question bank before the exam.
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