Eukaryotic Cell Structure & Functions — NEET Biology
📚 Practice ConceptA typical eukaryotic cell consists of a cell membrane, nucleus and cytoplasm. Plant cells have a cell wall outside the cell membrane. The plasma membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. The endomembrane system includes ER, golgi complex, lysosomes and vacuoles. All the cell organelles perform different but specific functions.Centriosomes and centrioles form the basal body of cilia and flagella that facilitate locomotion. In animal cells, centrioles also form spindle apparatus during cell division. Nucleus contains chromatin material which contains the DNA. The nucleus not only controls the activities of organelles but also plays a major role in heredity.
Which of the following statements concerning eukaryotic cell organelles are correct? S1: Ribosomes are non-membrane bound organelles found in the cytoplasm, as well as within chloroplasts (in plants) and mitochondria. S2: Centrosomes are non-membrane bound organelles present in plant cells, helping in cell division. S3: The endomembrane system includes endoplasmic reticulum, golgi complex, lysosomes, vacuoles, and mitochondria due to their coordinated functions. S4: Plant cells possess cell walls, plastids, and a large central vacuole, which are generally absent in animal cells. S5: Eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S, composed of 60S and 40S subunits, while prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S, with 50S and 30S subunits.
View solution & NCERT explanation
Correct answer: C — S1, S4 and S5
The core concept tested is the structure, membrane status, distribution, and functional characteristics of various eukaryotic cell organelles, as described in NCERT. S1: Ribosomes are indeed non-membrane bound organelles found freely in the cytoplasm, and also within certain organelles like chloroplasts (in plants) and mitochondria. This statement is correct. (NCERT Page 88). S2: Centrosomes are non-membrane bound organelles, but they are found primarily in *animal cells* and are absent in almost all plant cells. Therefore, this statement is NOT correct. (NCERT Page 88, Page 91). S3: The endomembrane system includes the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes, and vacuoles. However, mitochondria are *not* considered part of the endomembrane system because their functions are not coordinated with the other components. Therefore, this statement is NOT correct. (NCERT Page 95). S4: Plant cells are distinct from animal cells because they typically possess cell walls, plastids (like chloroplasts), and a large central vacuole, all of which are generally absent in animal cells. This statement is correct. (NCERT Page 91). S5: Eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S, comprising 60S and 40S subunits, and prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S, comprising 50S and 30S subunits. This statement accurately describes the types and subunits of ribosomes. This statement is correct. (NCERT Page 98). Statements S1, S4 and S5 are correct. Final Answer: The final answer is C because statements S1, S4 and S5 are correct.
What does NCERT say about typical eukaryotic cell consists?
Has this concept appeared in NEET?
Which chapter is this from?
Through deep analysis of NEET and NTA, 176 of the 180 ReNEET 2026 (June 21) questions were already in the MedicNEET question bank before the exam.
176/180MedicNEET's Biology question bank is built from the same NCERT lines NTA picks repeatedly. Not random MCQs — questions crafted exactly like NTA crafts them.