Human Kidney Structure and Anatomy — NEET Biology
📚 Practice ConceptIn humans, the excretory system consists of a pair of kidneys, one pair of ureters, a urinary bladder and a urethra. Kidneys are reddish brown, bean shaped structures situated between the levels of last thoracic and third lumbar vertebra close to the dorsal inner wall of the abdominal cavity. Each kidney of an adult human measures 10-12 cm in length, 5-7 cm in width, 2-3 cm in thickness with an average weight of 120-170 g. Towards the centre of the inner concave surface of the kidney is a notch called hilum through which ureter, blood vessels and nerves enter. Inner to the hilum is a broad funnel shaped space called the renal pelvis with projections called calyces. The outer layer of kidney is a tough capsule. Inside the kidney, there are two zones, an outer cortex and an inner medulla. The medulla is divided into a few conical masses (medullary pyramids) projecting into the calyces (sing.: calyx). The cortex extends in between the
Arrange the following structures of the kidney in correct sequence from outermost to innermost: 1. Cortex 2. Capsule 3. Medulla 4. Renal pelvis
View solution & NCERT explanation
Correct answer: B — 2 → 1 → 3 → 4
The outermost layer is the tough capsule. Inside the capsule lies the cortex. Below the cortex is the medulla, divided into medullary pyramids. Towards the centre, the renal pelvis forms a funnel-shaped cavity leading to the ureter. Thus, the correct order is Capsule → Cortex → Medulla → Renal pelvis.
What does NCERT say about humans excretory system consists?
Has this concept appeared in NEET?
Which chapter is this from?
Through deep analysis of NEET and NTA, 176 of the 180 ReNEET 2026 (June 21) questions were already in the MedicNEET question bank before the exam.
176/180MedicNEET's Biology question bank is built from the same NCERT lines NTA picks repeatedly. Not random MCQs — questions crafted exactly like NTA crafts them.