DNA Fingerprinting and Human Genetic Variation — NEET Biology
📚 Practice ConceptAs stated in the preceding section, 99.9 per cent of base sequence among humans is the same. Assuming human genome as 3 × 109 bp, in how many base sequences would there be differences? It is these differences in sequence of DNA which make every individual unique in their phenotypic appearance. If one aims to find out genetic differences between two individuals or among individuals of a population, sequencing the DNA every time would be a daunting and expensive task. Imagine trying to compare two sets of 3 × 109 base pairs. DNA fingerprinting is a very quick way to compare the DNA sequences of any two individuals.
Which of the following statements about VNTRs and their role in DNA fingerprinting are NOT correct? S1: VNTRs are a class of minisatellite DNA characterized by a small DNA sequence arranged tandemly in many copy numbers. S2: The copy number of VNTRs is generally identical across all chromosomes within an individual, leading to a consistent banding pattern. S3: These repetitive sequences typically code for essential proteins, contributing directly to an individual's phenotypic traits. S4: High degree of polymorphism in VNTRs refers to the variability in their repeat numbers, making them unique identifiers. S5: DNA from monozygotic twins would exhibit identical VNTR banding patterns due to their shared genetic origin.
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