Photoperiodism & Simultaneous Flowering — NEET Biology

Correct answer: A — A-2-Y, B-3-W, C-1-Z, D-5-X, E-4-V

Plant development involves a series of distinct, yet interconnected, processes. A. Growth: Defined as an irreversible permanent increase in size (2). An example is the elongation of a root at a constant rate (Y), which is a characteristic of arithmetic growth. B. Differentiation: This is the process where cells undergo structural changes to specialize and perform specific functions (3). A clear example is the formation of tracheary elements which lose their protoplasm to efficiently transport water (W). C. Dedifferentiation: This occurs when living differentiated cells regain the capacity to divide (1). The formation of meristems like interfascicular cambium from fully differentiated parenchyma cells is an example (Z). D. Redifferentiation: This refers to the process where cells produced by dedifferentiated meristems once again lose the capacity to divide but mature to perform specific functions (5). An example is the formation of secondary xylem from the vascular cambium, which itself arises from dedifferentiated cells (X). E. Senescence: This is the final phase of a plant's life cycle, characterized by ageing, decline, and eventual death (4). It represents the final stage of the plant life cycle (V). Thus, the correct match is A-2-Y, B-3-W, C-1-Z, D-5-X, E-4-V.